Bookkeeping & financial reporting with absolute precision.

FIFO (First-In, First-Out) tracks which physical stock gets sold first — the oldest purchases. Purchases are recorded at DPP (excluding PPN, which flows separately). Outflows should be valued at FIFO cost, not selling price.

Every month, Toko Makmur files SPT Masa PPN. It adds up all PPN collected from customers (Keluaran) and subtracts PPN paid to suppliers (Masukan). The difference is either remitted to DJP (kurang bayar) or carried forward as credit / refunded (lebih bayar).

DPP only — VAT flows separately through PPN Masukan/Keluaran accounts on the balance sheet side. HPP is estimated at 58% gross margin (see reconciliation finding on the Persediaan tab). PPh is zero because Bapak Rahmat’s annualized PKP falls below PTKP K/2.

Four people on the books — including the owner. Only one (Tono, kepala toko) exceeds PTKP and triggers actual PPh 21 withholding. Kasir and pramuniaga sit comfortably below.

Direct method: cash in and out by activity. Three sections — Operating, Investing, Financing. Note that PPN and PPh 23 collected/withheld appear as operating items, not income.

5 permanent employees. Arif (Director) and Novia (Senior Dev) are in the 15% progressive bracket. Dewi and Bagas have no NPWP — DJP requires a 20% PPh 21 surcharge on their monthly withholding until they register.

Prepared under PSAK (SAK Umum) presentation. As a CV without public accountability, this entity may formally use SAK EP; the full PSAK format below demonstrates full-standard capability.

Construction contracts in Indonesia typically use termin billing — payment is triggered by physical progress milestones, not calendar dates. Each termin is subject to PPN 11% and PPh 4(2) Final 2.65%. The government client withholds PPh 4(2) before remitting payment.

PT Bangun Sulawesi has two workforce tiers: permanent staff (PPh 21 withheld monthly) and daily laborers (PPh 21 = 0 because daily wages are below the PTKP threshold). This is a common structure in Indonesian construction — and a common source of PPh 21 miscalculation.

Prepared under PSAK — including PSAK 72 (revenue recognised over time, percentage-of-completion) and the presentation of contract assets and liabilities.

Simple single-entry cash flow — rental income minus operating expenses minus PPh Final 10%. Note that PPh 4(2) is calculated on gross rental income received (Rp 15.45M), not on net profit. This is the defining characteristic of a Final Tax regime.

One employee: Pak Roslan, the boarding house caretaker, earning Rp 1.8M/month. Annualized gross of Rp 21.6M is far below the TK/0 PTKP of Rp 54M/year — PPh 21 = Rp 0. Pak Haris still needs to record Pak Roslan in his payroll records and report him in SPT Tahunan as a non-taxable employee.